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In vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy
''In vivo'' (that is 'in the living organism') magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a specialised technique associated with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), also known as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, is a non-invasive, ionizing radiation free analytical technique that has been used to study metabolic changes in brain tumors, strokes, seizure disorders, Alzheimer's disease, depression and other diseases affecting the brain. It has also been used to study the metabolism of other organs such as muscles. In the case of muscles, NMR is used to measure the intramyocellular lipid content (IMCL).
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) is an analytical technique that can be used to complement the more common Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in the characterization of tissue. Both techniques use signals from hydrogen protons (1H), but MRI uses the information to create 2-dimensional images of the brain, while MRS uses 1H signals to determine the relative concentrations of target brain metabolites.
==History==
Both MRI and MRS are based on Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), a technique used by chemists and physicists in the analysis and characterization of small molecules in solid, liquid, and gel-like solutions. MRS can be used to detect nuclei such as carbon (13C), nitrogen (15N), fluorine (19F), sodium (23Na), phosphorus (31P) and hydrogen (1H), however only the latter two are present in significant abundance to be detected in humans. Hydrogen is the most commonly detected nucleus due to its high natural abundance, acute sensitivity to magnetic manipulation, well known simple technique, and relatively easily discernible spectra.
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